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New Philadelphia, Illinois
1870 Federal Census Data

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Census Number
Name First Age Sex Race Occupation
Real Estate Value
Pers. Prop. Value
Origin
174
Miller Joseph 31 M W Farmer
250
PA
Rebecca 25 F W Keeping house
PA
Mary 8 F W Blank
IL
James 6 M W Blank
IL
Ella 4 F W Blank
IL
David 2 M W Blank
IL
175
Walls Eliz. 50 F W Keeping house
1,600
IN
John 24 M W Farmer
1,000
IN
Olive 16 F W Blank
IL
176
Cartwright John 35 M W Farm hand
100
IL
Amanda 26 F W Keeping house
IN
John 8 M W Blank
IL
Eliz. 2 F W Blank
IL
177
Burkhead Abe 64 M W Farmer
800
150
KY
Ann 67 F W Keeping house
KY
178
Burdick Abe 35 M W Farmer
2,400
800
IL
Mariah 30 F W Keeping house
NY
Louise 10 F W Blank
IL
Scott 6 M W Blank
IL
Elmer 4 M W Blank
IL
George 1 M W Blank
IL
179
Butler George 22 M W Farmer
100
VA
Carrie 19 F W Keeping house
MO
180
Marion Wm 25 M W Farmer
100
NY
Cassie 20 F W Keeping house
IL
181
Walker John 69 M M Farmer
VA
Lucy 67 F M Keeping house
VA
Oregon 30 M M Farm hand
VA
Charles 10 M M Blank
MO
Willie 8 M M Blank
MO
Rucker Henry 18 M B Farm hand
KY
175
Cartwright Dan 12 M W Blank
IL
Jane 10 F W Blank
IL
Jordan James 21 M B Farm hand
MO
182
Hadsell Potter 44 M W Farmer
1,000
500
NY
Mary 32 F W Keeping house
NY
Eugene 19 M W Work on farm
NY
Mary 17 F W At home
NY
Pela 11 F W Blank
NY
Helen 8 F W Blank
IL
Emma 6 F W Blank
IL
Lavina 3 F W Blank
IL
183
Cobb A.B. 38 M W Physician
300
250
NY
Laura 35 F W Keeping house
IL
Wilber 15 M W At home
IL
Laura 13 F W Blank
IL
Albert 9 M W Blank
IL
Francis 6 F W Blank
IL
184
Crone Alex 65 M W Farmer
800
200
Ireland
Sarah 60 F W Keeping house
Ireland
Rebecca 35 F W At home
Ireland
Eliza 25 F W School teacher
IL
Kate 22 F W At home
IL
185
Clark Wm 40 M M Blacksmith
800
200
VA
Hilda 35 F M Keeping house
KY
Lucy 12 F M Blank
IL
Edward 14 M M Works in shop
IL
Eliza 9 F M Blank
IL
Harvey 6 M M Blank
IL
Margaret 3 F M Blank
IL
Friday 1 M M Blank
IL
186
Gray Benj. 29 M W Blacksmith
800
300
IL
Lizzie 22 F W Keeping house
PA
Sophie 2 F W Blank
IL
187
Baker Sylvester 43 M W Laborer
100
OH
Mary 43 F W Keeping house
OH
Josephine 18 F W At home
IL
Jane 4 F W Blank
IL
Anna 2 F W Blank
IL
188
McWorter Louisa 45 F M Keeping house
6,500
350
KY
Lucy 24 F M At home
IL
George 21 M M Farmer
IL
Clark Thoms 30 M W Farmer
200
MO
Kezia 70 F M Blank
3,500
KY
Jones Willie 6 M M Blank
IL
189
Clark Monroe 35 M M Carpenter
200
100
IL
Lucy 30 F M Keeping house
IL
Lonora 12 F M At home
IL
John 12 M M Blank
IL
Cynthia 10 F M Blank
IL
Calvin 8 M M Blank
IL
Charles 4 M M Blank
IL
Lizzie 1 F M Blank
IL
190
Stewart George 22 M M Minister
250
150
TN
Louisa 21 F M Blank
IL
Elena 3 mos F M Blank
IL
191
Kellum Zira 37 M W Farmer
500
300
OH
Milinda 33 F W Keeping house
NY
William 12 M W Blank
IL
Emory 10 M W Blank
IL
Deloss 7 M W Blank
IL
Anna 2 F W Blank
IL
192
Smith James 32 M W Farmer
2,000
300
VA
Elizabeth 32 F W Keeping house
IN
Henry 16 M W Working on farm
IL
Deborah 12 F W Blank
IL
George 2 M W Blank
IL
Margaret 4 mos F W Blank
IL
Jesse 10 M W Blank
VA
193
Boyan Nancy 31 F W Keeping house
100
VA
Monroe 21 M W Blank
OH
Frank 11 M W Blank
OH
Anthony 6 M W Blank
VA
194
Law Sarah 26 F W Blank
IL
Charles 3 M W Blank
IL
William 3 M W Blank
IL
195
Brown Sam? 30 M W Coal miner
100
England
Mary 32 F W Keeping house
England
John 12 M W Blank
England
Horatio 4 M W Blank
MO
Frank 1 M W Blank
IL
Clarke Mary 6 F W Blank
IL
196
Kellum John 40 M W Speculator
OH
Rebecca 35 F W Keeping house
IL
197
Woodward Milt 31 M W Farmer
3,500
900
PA
Mary 22 F W Keeping house
IL
David 4 M W Blank
IL
Enrietta 1 F W Blank
IL
Emos 62 M W Farm retired
PA
Angeline 37 F W Seamstress
PA
Sarah 35 F W School teacher
PA
Ermaline 23 F W School teacher
IL
Orlando 17 M W Works on farm
IL

Analysis of New Philadelphia Federal Census for 1870

Routing the Hannibal-Naples railroad away from New Philadelphia in 1869 crippled the town (Matteson 1964:9). The effects were reflected in the federal census of 1870 as residents moved away for jobs and economic opportunities near market centers. In 1870, 123 individuals called New Philadelphia home, representing a 23% decline from its population peak of 160 residents just five years earlier. The number of households declined from 29 to 25, a 14% reduction. The Burdick, Clark and Hadsell families continued to hold a presence in the community (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870).

While New Philadelphia's population was declining, the state of Illinois experienced continued population growth, but not as dramatic as the increase from 1850 to 1860. The federal census reported 2,539,891 people residing in the state, an increase of 48.4% over 1860. The majority of the population, 1,704,291, or 98.9%, were white; but 28,762 black residents represented 1.1% of the state's population, an increase of 0.7% from the last census. Those figures reflect an increase of 21,134, or 277%, from the 1860 census that recorded 7,628 black residents (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870). Although restricted by the state's stringent Black Codes, people finally freed from slavery and eager for economic opportunities and self-determination made their way to Illinois.

Farming occupied 21 of New Philadelphia's residents, representing 62% of the 34 individuals, or 27% of the population who were gainfully employed outside the home, Three school teachers, 2% of the total population or 9% of those gainfully employed, lived in the town. Other occupations included two blacksmiths, 1% of the population, or 6% of those employed; a carpenter, a coal miner, a minister, a physician, a seamstress, a shop worker, a speculator and a laborer, each representing 1% of the total population, or 3% of those employed outside the home, rounded out the occupations of New Philadelphia's residents. Eighty-nine residents, or 72% of the population, were not employed outside the home (U. S. Bureau of the Census 1870).

Twenty-three individuals, 19% of the town's population, were occupied keeping house. The occupation field was left blank for 58 residents, or 46% of the town's residents. Fifty-four of those individuals, or 95%, were children 15 years of age and under. Of the 7 individuals classified as "at home" in the occupations column of the census report, 4, or 57% were teenagers over 14 years of age; two individuals, or 28% were under 30 years old and one individual, or 14% of the total, was 35 years old (U. S. Bureau of the Census 1870). Census enumerators were instructed to indicate "at home" for children "too young to be involved in production" (www.ipums.umn.edu/usa/voliii/1st1870).

As reported by the census conducted in previous years, 79, or 64% of New Philadelphia's residents were born in the Great Lakes region. Sixty-nine people, or 56% of the population, originated from the state of Illinois. Sixteen people, 13% of the town's residents, came from the country's North East region; 9 individuals, or 7% of the population were born in New York, a North East region state. Another 9 individuals, or 7% of the townsfolk, were born in the South East state of Virginia. Three individuals each from England and Ireland represented 5% of the population (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870; 1990 Omni-Gazetteer of the U.S.).

The town's population showed a decline in 1870, but the 92 white individuals, or 75%, still held the majority. The 2 black and 29 mulatto individuals represented the minority, or 25% of the total number of townsfolk (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1870).

New Philadelphia Federal Census-1870
Total residents: 123
Total households: 25

 

Occupational distribution
Occupation Number Employed Percent of population Percent of employed
Blacksmith 2 1 6
Carpenter 1 1 3
Coal miner 1 1 3
Farmer 14 11 41
Farm hand 4 3 11
Farm worker 3 2 9
Laborer 1 1 3
Minister 1 1 3
Physician 1 1 3
School teacher 3 2 9
Seamstress 1 1 3
Shop worker 1 1 3
Speculator 1 1 3

Total employed outside home

34 27% 100%
Not employed outside home

 

 

 

Retired farmer 1 1%

 

At home 7 6%

 

Keeping house 23 19%

 

Column left blank 58 46%

 

Total not employed outside home 89 72% of entire population

 

 

Geographic Distribution: Place of origin
Region State/Country Number Percent of Residents
Great Lakes Illinois 69 56

 

Indiana 4 3

 

Ohio 6 5

 

Total 79 64%
North East New York 9 7

 

Pennsylvania 7 6

 

Total 16 13%
South East Virgina 9 7

 

Total 9 7%
South Central Kentucky 6 5

 

Missouri 6 4

 

Tennessee 1 1

 

Total 13 10%
Europe England 3 2.5

 

Ireland 3 2.5

 

Total 6 5%
Racial Distribution Race Black 2 2%

 

Mulatto 29 23%

 

White 92 75%

 

Total 123 100%

Census data collected, formatted, and analyzed by Charlotte King; proofs by Claire Martin.

Source: United States Bureau of the Census, "Population Schedules of the Ninth Census of the United States, 1870, Hadley Township, Pike County, Illinois."

* Source of abbreviation: Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America, 1990, Volumes 1-9.

Transcriptions of the instructions given to the enumerators are available online.


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