New Philadelphia, Illinois 1880 Federal Census Data

By 1880 the population of New Philadelphia had plummeted to 84 individuals, a reduction of 31% from the 122 individuals reported in 1870 and a 48% decline from the town's population peak of 160 residents in 1865. The number of 17 households in 1880 represents a reduction of 41% from the town's peak of 29 households in 1865.

While New Philadelphia's population declined, the state of Illinois' population continued to grow. In 1880, the state's population included 3,077,871 people, an increase of 21.2% over 1870's number of 2,539,891.

Black individuals living in Illinois now numbered 46,368 representing 1.5% of the state's total population, and reflected an increase of 61.2% over the 28,762 included on the 1870 federal census. In New Philadelphia, white residents, 70 individuals, or 83% of the population, continued to maintain the majority racial representation of the town. New Philadelphia's 14 black and mulatto individuals represented the minority, 17% of the populace.

Most of New Philadelphia's townsfolk, 20 individuals, or 24% of the total population continued to be occupied in farming. That number represents 64%, or 31 individuals gainfully employed outside the home. A school teacher, a store keeper, a house servant and a blacksmith also lived in the town. Thirty-two individuals, 38% of the populace, were recorded as "at home." For children "too young to be involved in production," census enumerators were instructed to mark the occupation column of the census form "at home." The town's 28 children 14 years of age and under are reflected in the "at home" group. However, other individuals listed as "at home" ranged from infants to 34 years of age, another indication that census enumerators sometimes took liberty with interpretation of their instructions.

The majority of the town's residents, 67 individuals, or 80% of the population, originated from the Great Lakes region of the United States. Fifty-two individuals, or 62% of the population, were Illinois natives, including 29 adults and 23 children under 14 years of age.

Occupational distribution

Occupation	Number Employed	Percent of population	Percent of employed
Blacksmith	1	1	3
Farmer	12	14	39
Farm Hand	4	5	13
Farm laborer	4	5	13
House servant	1	1	3
Laborer	7	8	23
School teacher	1	1	3
Store keeper	1	1	3
Total employed outside home	31	35	100%
Not employed outside home
At home	32	38%
Boarder	4	6%
Keeping house	17	20%
Total not employed outside home	53	64%

Geographic Distribution: Place of Origin

Region	State/Country	Number	Percent of Residents
Great Lakes	Illinois	52	62
	Indiana	2	2
	Ohio	13	15
	Total	67	80%
North East	New York	2	2
	Pennsylvania	1	1
	Total	3	3%
Plains	Nebraska	1	1
	Total	1	1%
South East	Virgina	1	1
	Total	1	1%
South Central	Kentucky	2	2
	Missouri	6	7
	Tennessee	1	1
	Total	9	10%
Europe	England	2	2
	Total	2	2%
North America	Canada	1	1
	Total	1	1%
Racial Distribution Race	Black	2	3%
	Mulatto	12	14%
	White	70	83%
	Total	84	100%

States by Region

New England	North East	South East
Connecticut	Delaware	Florida
Maine	District of Columbia	Georgia
Massachusetts	Maryland	North Carolina
New Hampshire	New Jersey	South Carolina
Rhode Island	New York	Virginia
Vermont	Pennsylvania
	West Virginia
South Central	South West	Great Lakes
Alabama	Arizona	Illinois
Arkansas	New Mexico	Indiana
Kentucky	Oklahoma	Michigan
Louisiana	Texas	Minnesota
Mississippi		Ohio
Tennessee		Wisconsin
Missouri
Plains	Mountain	Pacific
Iowa	Colorado	Alaska
Kansas	Idaho	California
Nebraska	Montana	Hawaii
North Dakota	Utah	Oregon
South Dakota	Wyoming	Washington

Census data collected, formatted, and analyzed by Charlotte King; proofs by Claire Martin.

Source: United States Bureau of the Census, "Population Schedules of the Tenth Census of the United States, 1880, Hadley Township, Pike County, Illinois."

* Source of abbreviation: Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America, 1990, Volumes 1-9.

Transcriptions of the instructions given to the enumerators are available online.

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Christopher Fennell