Grounded in linguistic theory and using psycholinguistic methodologies, my research explores the following theoretical issues: 1) the linguistic nature of interlanguage and bilingual grammars, 2) the role of the “other” language in the acquisition or loss of a language, 3) the reasons why some L2 learners/bilinguals reach the level of proficiency and linguistic knowledge of native speakers while others fall short of that level even when optimal conditions for learning are provided, 4) the linguistic selectivity of acquisition and loss, or why linguistic “success” or “failure” affects certain grammatical areas (vocabulary, sounds, meaning, verb endings, and discourse) but not others (sentence structure), and 5) the differences and similarities between linguistic processes attested in second language acquisition and bilingualism and other developmental processes typical of historical language change and first language acquisition.