Bishopsโ€™ Meeting Minutes (1854)

๐’๐ฎ๐‘‡๐ฒ๐น๐‘… ๐ฃ๐จ๐ป๐ฎ๐‘ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐ป๐‘…

Transcription | ๐“๐‘‰๐ฐ๐‘Œ๐‘…๐ฟ๐‘‰๐ฎ๐น๐‘‡๐ฒ๐‘Œ

About the Bishopsโ€™ Meeting Minutes | ๐ˆ๐บ๐ต๐ป ๐‘„ ๐’๐ฎ๐‘‡๐ฒ๐น๐‘… ๐ฃ๐จ๐ป๐ฎ๐‘ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐ป๐‘…

The manuscript is held by the Church History Library in the Brigham Young Office Files, General Correspondence Incoming, 6 June 1854, images 1โ€“2 of 4 (CHL CR 1234 1). It is George D. Wattโ€™s holograph fair copy of minutes taken at a bishopsโ€™ meeting in the Salt Lake City Thirteenth Ward schoolhouse (located at approximately 140 East 200 South). The original document can be viewed here.

The document represents a developed form of Wattโ€™s Deseret cursive. Numerous ligatures make the manuscript challenging to read, while frequent vowel suppressionโ€”especially of the vowels in dress and kitโ€”and occasional reliance on letter names produce a highly economical orthography. These features appear to reflect the influence of Pitman shorthand and Wattโ€™s continuing effort to adapt the Deseret Alphabet to rapid transcription.

Parenthetical alternatives that Watt supplies for several words suggest that this is a fair copy rather than the record written during the meeting itself. Watt likely took his original notes in Pitman shorthand and later recast them in Deseret cursive. He closes with an apology for the manuscriptโ€™s appearance: ๐‘„๐ฎ๐‘… ๐ฎ๐‘† ๐‘Œ๐ฑ๐ป ๐‘…๐ฌ ๐ถ๐‘Š ๐‘‰๐ฎ๐ป๐‘Œ ๐ฎ๐‘Œ ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐‘Œ๐‘…๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐‘Œ๐‘… ๐ฑ๐‘‚ ๐‘„ ๐ฌ๐‘Œ๐‘Š๐ฎ ๐น๐‘Œ ๐ด ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐บ๐‘ ๐ฉ ๐บ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ถ๐ณ๐‘Œ โ€œThis is not so well written in consequence of the only pen I had being a bad one.โ€

Historical Context | ๐๐ฎ๐‘…๐ป๐ฑ๐‘‰๐จ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐‘Š ๐—๐ฑ๐‘Œ๐ป๐ฏ๐ฟ๐‘…๐ป

The meeting addresses practical questions affecting the bishops of the Salt Lake Valley. The discussion encompasses the numbered wards of Great Salt Lake City as well as the more outlying congregations of West Jordan, Sugar House, and Big Cottonwood. The minutes preserve the concerns of bishops who combined ecclesiastical leadership with responsibility for welfare, tithing, labor, settlement, and local administration.

Historical figures named or quoted in Wattโ€™s record include Bishops David Pettegrew or Pettigrew, Abraham Hoagland, Abraham Owen Smoot, Edward Hunter, Joseph L. Heywood, Edwin D. Woolley, and Alfred Cordon. As Presiding Bishop, Hunter occupied the senior churchwide office represented at the gathering; several of his comments survive in Wattโ€™s transcription. Woolley, appointed bishop of the Thirteenth Ward in January 1854, was the local bishop of the ward in whose schoolhouse the meeting was held.

Beyond its administrative content, the manuscript offers unusually direct evidence of how Watt used the Deseret Alphabet as a working scribal medium. Its compressed forms, ligatures, omitted vowels, and alternative readings show a practical script still being adjusted to the demands of reporting the deliberations of Church councils.

Portrait of Edward Hunter
Edward Hunter (1793โ€“1883), Presiding Bishop of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1851โ€“1883; several of his comments are preserved in Wattโ€™s minutes. C. R. Savage, photographer. Edward Hunter portrait collection. Courtesy The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Portrait of Edwin D. Woolley
Edwin D. Woolley (1807โ€“1881), bishop of Salt Lake Cityโ€™s Thirteenth Ward, 1854โ€“1881, and a participant in the bishopsโ€™ meeting recorded by Watt. J. Gould, photographer. Edwin D. Woolley family photographs, circa 1854 and 1870โ€“1880. Courtesy The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Cursive Wordforms | ๐—๐ฒ๐‘‰๐‘…๐ฎ๐‘‚ ๐Ž๐ฒ๐‘‰๐ผ๐‘๐ฑ๐‘‰๐‘‹๐‘†

The examples below are cursive words drawn directly from the Bishopsโ€™ Meeting minutes. They illustrate George D. Wattโ€™s developed Deseret cursive forms and provide a practical reference for readers who wish to study the conventions of his handwriting, including characteristic ligatures, reduced vowel notation, and some flights of fancy (see, e.g., happy, people, and same). No attempt has been made to normalize the Deseret spellings.

Cursive form Deseret spelling English
a ๐ฉ a
accepted ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐‘…๐ฏ๐น๐ป๐ผ accepted
account ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ณ๐‘Œ๐ป account
act ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ป act
acting ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ป๐‘ acting
adjourned ๐ฐ๐พ๐‘‰๐‘Œ๐ผ adjourned
again ๐ฉ๐‘€๐‘Œ again
alluded ๐ฐ๐‘Š๐ญ๐ผ๐ฎ๐ผ alluded
also ๐ซ๐‘Š๐‘…๐ฌ also
and ๐ฐ๐‘Œ๐ผ and
any ๐‘Œ๐ฎ any
are ๐‘‰ are
arrived ๐ฐ๐‘‰๐ด๐‘‚๐ผ arrived
as ๐ฐ๐‘† as
at ๐ฐ๐ป at
attended ๐ฐ๐ป๐‘Œ๐ผ๐ฎ๐ผ attended
bad ๐บ๐ฐ๐ผ bad
band ๐บ๐ฐ๐‘Œ๐ผ band
being ๐บ๐‘ being
believed ๐บ๐‘Š๐จ๐‘‚๐ผ believed
benediction ๐บ๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐ผ๐ฟ๐‘‡๐‘Œ benediction
best ๐บ๐‘…๐ป best
big ๐บ๐ฎ๐‘€ big
bishop ๐บ๐ฎ๐‘‡๐ฒ๐น bishop
bishops ๐บ๐ฎ๐‘‡๐ฒ๐น๐‘… bishops
blessings ๐บ๐‘Š๐‘…๐‘๐‘† blessings
brethren ๐บ๐‘‰๐ฏ๐‘„๐‘‰๐‘Œ brethren
burning ๐บ๐‘‰๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐‘ burning
but ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป but
by ๐บ๐ด by
call ๐ฟ๐ซ๐‘Š call
called ๐ฟ๐ซ๐‘Š๐ผ called
chair ๐ฝ๐ฉ๐‘‰ chair
chosen ๐ฝ๐ฌ๐‘†๐‘Œ chosen
city ๐‘…๐ฎ๐ป๐ฎ city
come ๐ฟ๐‘‹ come
consequence ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐‘Œ๐‘…๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐‘Œ๐‘… consequence
continual ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐‘Œ๐ป๐ฎ๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐ญ๐‘Š continual
Cordon ๐ฟ๐ซ๐‘‰๐ผ๐‘Œ Cordon
cotton ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ป๐‘Œ cotton
could ๐ฟ๐ณ๐ผ could
covet ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐‘‚๐ฎ๐ป covet
crops ๐ฟ๐‘‰๐ฑ๐น๐‘… crops
day ๐ผ๐ฉ day
did ๐ผ๐ฎ๐ผ did
do ๐ผ๐ญ do
doing ๐ผ๐ญ๐‘ doing
duty ๐ผ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ป๐ฎ duty
each other ๐จ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐‘„๐‘‰ each other
each ๐จ๐ฝ each
enjoy ๐‘Œ๐พ๐ฑ๐ฎ enjoy
Enoch ๐จ๐‘Œ๐ฑ๐ฟ Enoch
enochs ๐จ๐‘Œ๐ฑ๐ฟ๐‘… Enochโ€™s
every ๐ฏ๐‘‚๐‘‰๐ฎ every
exert ๐ฏ๐‘€๐‘†๐‘‰๐ป exert
experience ๐ฏ๐ฟ๐‘…๐น๐จ๐‘‰๐ฒ๐‘Œ๐‘… experience
faithful ๐‘๐ฉ๐‘ƒ๐‘๐ณ๐‘Š faithful
fast ๐‘๐ฐ๐‘…๐ป fast
favorable ๐‘๐ฉ๐‘‚๐‘‰๐บ๐‘Š favorable
felt ๐‘๐‘Š๐ป felt
fire ๐‘๐ด๐‘‰ fire
from ๐‘๐‘‰๐ฑ๐‘‹ from
getting ๐‘€๐ฏ๐ป๐‘ getting
God ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ผ God
good ๐‘€๐ณ๐ผ good
great ๐‘€๐‘‰๐ฉ๐ป great
had ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ผ had
happy ๐ธ๐ฐ๐น๐ฎ happy
hard ๐ธ๐‘‰๐ผ hard
he ๐ธ๐จ he
help ๐ธ๐‘Š๐น help
Heywood ๐ธ๐ฉ๐ถ๐ณ๐ผ Heywood
him ๐ธ๐ฎ๐‘‹ him
his ๐ธ๐ฎ๐‘† his
hoagland ๐ฌ๐‘€๐‘Š๐ฎ๐‘Œ Hoagland
hoped ๐ธ๐ฌ๐น๐ป hoped
house ๐ธ๐ฑ๐ณ๐‘… house
Hunter ๐ธ๐ฒ๐‘Œ๐ป๐‘‰ Hunter
important ๐‘‹๐น๐ซ๐‘‰๐ป๐ฐ๐‘Œ๐ป important
in ๐ฎ๐‘Œ in
instruct ๐‘Œ๐‘…๐ป๐‘‰๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป instruct
is ๐ฎ๐‘† is
it ๐ฎ๐ป it
John ๐–๐ฑ๐‘Œ John
Jordan ๐พ๐ซ๐‘‰๐ผ๐‘Œ Jordan
June ๐พ๐ฎ๐ญ๐‘Œ June
keeping ๐ฟ๐จ๐น๐‘ keeping
knew ๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐ญ knew
last ๐‘Š๐ฐ๐‘…๐ป last
late ๐‘Š๐ฉ๐ป late
lesser ๐‘Š๐‘…๐‘‰ lesser
like ๐‘Š๐ด๐ฟ like
look ๐‘Š๐ญ๐ฟ look
Lord ๐‘Š๐ซ๐‘‰๐ผ Lord
meet ๐‘‹๐จ๐ป meet
meeting ๐‘‹๐จ๐ป๐‘ meeting
men ๐‘‹๐‘Œ men
merit ๐‘‹๐ฏ๐‘‰๐ฎ๐ป merit
met ๐‘‹๐ฏ๐ป met
minutes ๐‘‹๐ฎ๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐ป๐‘… minutes
must ๐‘‹๐ฒ๐‘…๐ป must
never ๐‘Œ๐ฏ๐‘‚๐‘‰ never
not ๐‘Œ๐ฑ๐ป not
of ๐ฑ๐‘‚ of
on ๐ฑ๐‘Œ on
only ๐ฌ๐‘Œ๐‘Š๐ฎ only
others ๐ฒ๐‘„๐‘‰๐‘† others
our ๐ฑ๐ณ๐‘‰ our
out ๐ฑ๐ณ๐ป out
over ๐ฌ๐‘‚๐‘‰ over
patriarch ๐น๐ฉ๐ป๐‘‰๐ฎ๐‘‰๐ฟ patriarch
pays ๐น๐ฉ๐‘† pays
pen ๐น๐‘Œ pen
people ๐น๐น๐‘Š people
person ๐น๐‘‰๐‘…๐‘Œ person
Pettigrew ๐น๐ฏ๐ป๐ฎ๐‘€๐‘‰๐ญ Pettigrew
poor ๐น๐ญ๐‘‰ poor
prayer ๐น๐‘‰๐ฉ๐‘‰ prayer
priesthood ๐น๐‘‰๐จ๐ป๐ธ๐ญ๐ผ priesthood
privilege ๐น๐‘‰๐ฎ๐‘‚๐‘Š๐พ privilege
pro ๐น๐‘‰๐ฌ pro (as in pro tem)
pursuant ๐น๐‘‰๐‘…๐ญ๐‘Œ๐ป pursuant
read ๐‘‰๐ฏ๐ผ read
represented ๐‘‰๐ฏ๐น๐‘‰๐ฎ๐‘†๐‘Œ๐ป๐ผ represented
sabbath ๐‘…๐ฐ๐บ๐ฒ๐‘ƒ sabbath
said ๐‘…๐ฏ๐ผ said
same ๐‘…๐ฉ๐‘‹ same
school ๐‘…๐ฟ๐ญ๐‘Š school
schools ๐‘…๐ฟ๐ญ๐‘Š๐‘† schools
season ๐‘…๐จ๐‘†๐‘Œ season
see ๐‘…๐จ see
seek ๐‘…๐จ๐ฟ seek
should ๐‘‡๐ฒ๐ผ should
show ๐‘‡๐ฌ show
Smith ๐‘…๐‘‹๐ฎ๐‘ƒ Smith
Smoot ๐‘…๐‘‹๐ญ๐ป Smoot
soon ๐‘…๐ญ๐‘Œ soon
south ๐‘…๐ฑ๐ณ๐‘ƒ south
spirit ๐‘…๐น๐ฎ๐‘‰๐ฎ๐ป spirit
spirits ๐‘…๐น๐ฎ๐‘‰๐ฎ๐ป๐‘… spirits
spoke ๐‘…๐น๐ฌ๐ฟ spoke
spring ๐‘…๐น๐‘‰๐ฎ๐‘ spring
stand ๐‘…๐ป๐ฐ๐‘Œ๐ผ stand
state ๐‘…๐ป๐ฉ๐ป state
station ๐‘…๐ป๐ฉ๐‘‡๐‘Œ station
stewardship ๐‘…๐ป๐ฎ๐ญ๐‘‰๐ผ๐‘‡๐ฎ๐น stewardship
strict ๐‘…๐ป๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ป strict
such ๐‘…๐ฒ๐ฝ such
sugar ๐‘‡๐ฒ๐‘€๐‘‰ sugar
summer ๐‘…๐ฒ๐‘‹๐‘‰ summer
Sunday ๐‘…๐ฒ๐‘Œ๐ผ๐ฉ Sunday
sung ๐‘…๐ฒ๐‘ sung
supply ๐‘…๐ฒ๐น๐‘Š๐ด supply
teachers ๐ป๐จ๐ฝ๐‘‰๐‘† teachers
tem ๐ป๐‘‹ tem (as in pro tem)
tenth ๐ป๐‘Œ๐‘ƒ tenth
that ๐‘„๐ฐ๐ป that
the ๐‘„ the
their ๐‘„๐ฉ๐‘‰ their
themselves ๐‘„๐‘‹๐‘…๐‘Š๐‘‚๐‘† themselves
they ๐‘„๐ฉ they
this ๐‘„๐ฎ๐‘… this
time ๐ป๐ด๐‘‹ time
tithing ๐ป๐ด๐‘„๐ฎ๐‘ tithing
to ๐ป๐ญ to
towards ๐ป๐ญ๐ซ๐‘‰๐ผ๐‘† towards
try ๐ป๐‘‰๐ด try
Tuesday ๐ป๐ฎ๐ญ๐‘†๐ผ๐ฉ Tuesday
until ๐ฒ๐‘Œ๐ป๐ฎ๐‘Š until
upon ๐ฒ๐น๐ฑ๐‘Œ upon
urged ๐ฒ๐‘‰๐พ๐ผ urged
valley ๐‘‚๐ฐ๐‘Š๐ฎ valley
very ๐‘‚๐ฏ๐‘‰๐ฎ very
visiting ๐‘‚๐ฎ๐‘…๐ฎ๐ป๐‘ visiting
wants ๐ถ๐ฑ๐‘Œ๐ป๐‘… wants
ward ๐ถ๐ซ๐‘‰๐ผ ward
wards ๐ถ๐ซ๐‘‰๐ผ๐‘† wards
was ๐ถ๐ฑ๐‘† was
watch ๐ถ๐ฑ๐ป๐ฝ watch
Watt ๐Ž๐ฑ๐ป Watt
way ๐ถ๐ฉ way
we ๐ถ๐จ we
wealth ๐ถ๐‘Š๐‘ƒ wealth
weeks ๐ถ๐จ๐ฟ๐‘… weeks
welfare ๐ถ๐‘Š๐‘๐ฉ๐‘‰ welfare
well ๐ถ๐‘Š well
were ๐ถ๐ฉ๐‘‰ were
west ๐ถ๐‘…๐ป west
when ๐ธ๐ถ๐‘Œ when
where ๐ธ๐ถ๐ฉ๐‘‰ where
which ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฝ which
while ๐ธ๐ถ๐ด๐‘Š while
whole ๐ธ๐ฌ๐‘Š whole
whom ๐ธ๐ญ๐‘‹ whom
with ๐ถ๐ฎ๐‘„ with
wood wood
๐ถ๐ผ, ๐ถ๐ณ๐ผ wood
working ๐ถ๐‘‰๐ฟ๐‘ working