seventeenth century house reconstruction

Historical Archaeology
of the Americas

Anth 106 / Afro 106
Course Syllabus, Fall 2023

Prof. Christopher Fennell

dividing bar

Course Description and Objectives

This course explores recent theoretical, methodological, and thematic developments in historical archaeology in North America and the Caribbean. The course subjects concern the time period of 1400 AD through 1900 AD. We will examine how historical archaeologists use artifactual, documentary, and oral history evidence in interpreting the past, and how historical archaeology can contribute to our understanding of the ways by which material culture can be used to study race, class, gender, and ethnic identities.

We consider questions such as: How can we analyze the material remains of past culture groups to account for the varied ways in which human societies organized themselves? What cultural, social, political, and ecological processes contributed to continuity or change in past social forms and material culture? How do we recognize and study the past dynamics of ethnicity, class, gender, and racialization in archaeological remains? This course will similarly explore the role that historical archaeology can play in making visible those people poorly represented in the documentary record of the past, such as enslaved African Americans and Native Americans, and it will help us to appreciate their significant roles in shaping the history of the New World.

For example, the role of African Americans in building our nation's history is a central part of historical archaeology studies of this time period and region. This course will engage students in examining the ways in which African Americans dealt with and persevered against past racializing ideologies, and the lessons to be learned from such studies of past racism, including possible ways of combating racism in the present and future. Learn more about the course structure and opportunities in the general syllabus guidelines.

Rendering of a Kongo Chieftain's grave, from E. J. Glave, Century Magazine, Vol. 41, p. 827 (1891), in J. M. Vlach, By The Work of Their Hands: Studies in Afro-American Folklife, p. 44, 1991

Locations and Instructor Background

Class will meet Tuesday and Thursdays, 2:00pm to 3:20pm in 1306 Everitt Laboratory. Instructor: Chris Fennell, office in 296 Davenport Hall, email cfennell@illinois.edu. Office hours Tues-Thurs, 1:00pm to 2:00pm, but please email me to arrange a time. I specialize in historical archaeology as an Professor of Anthropology and Law. My empirical research addresses the dynamics of social group affiliations among Africans, Europeans, and various social groups within the Americas in the 18th-20th centuries. These research initiatives include interpretative frameworks focusing on diaspora studies, regional systems and commodity chains, social group identities, ethnic group dynamics and racialization, stylistic and symbolic elements of material culture, consumption patterns, and analysis of craft and industrial enterprises. I am an affiliate faculty member of the Department of Landscape Architecture, the Center for African Studies and the Department of African American Studies, offering courses addressing African diaspora subjects and issues of racialization. I am also a member of the College of Law faculty and offer interdisciplinary seminars for graduate and law students.

Yifan Wang is a graduate student in archaeology who is assisting with grading in the course. Her email is yifanw19@illinois.edu and her office hours are 11:00am to 1:00pm, Thursdays, via Zoom, or by appointment. The Zoom link for her office hours is provided in the "Announcements" section of the Canvas web page for the course.

Resources

Internet resources on historical archaeology, which are suggested only and not required reading for this course, are available at: http://www.anthro.illinois.edu/faculty/cfennell/bookmark2.html.

Internet resources on African and African-American archaeology, cultures, and history, which are suggested only and not required reading for this course, are available at: http://www.diaspora.illinois.edu/bookmark3.html.

Resources on the archaeology of craft and industry, which are suggested only and not required reading for this course, are available at: http://faculty.las.illinois.edu/cfennell/IndustrialArchaeologyBook.html.

A non-exhaustive bibliography of other studies in historical archaeology is provided below, following the course schedule, as suggested readings only.

examples of Yoruba, Haiti, African-American, and Anglo-American house plans

Required Readings

  • In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life, by James Deetz (Anchor Books, 1996).

  • Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Early African America, 1650-1800, by Leland Ferguson (Smithsonian Institution Press, 2004).

  • Additional articles and book excerpts listed in particular lesson plans below will be available through electronic reserve in the course web site available through the University's Canvas program.

    Suggested Readings: Historical Archaeology, by Charles E. Orser, Jr. (Routledge, 3d ed., 2018). This textbook is suggested reading only, and is not required.

    Grading Policy

    Your course grade will be determined by the grades you earn on the following: midterm exam (30% of course grade); Exhibit Analysis Paper (25%); and final exam (45%). Your regular attendance and active participation are of central importance for this course to provide you with a satisfying educational experience. Good attendance, class preparation, and note-taking will be very important for your ability to perform well, particularly on exams. The exams will follow a format of multiple choice questions and/or short-answer questions. The analysis paper will be due in class on Dec. 8, and will involve your visiting a museum, archaeology site, or heritage site and analyzing a relevant exhibit in the context of the subjects we are examining in this course. This course will fulfill a general education requirement for: Cultural Studies, Non-Western - U.S. Minority Culture(s); and Humanities & the Arts - Historical and Philosophical Perspectives.

    When taking exams and completing written assignments, you will be responsible for knowing the concepts and terms discussed in the assigned readings, in the films shown in class, and in the topics covered in lectures, handouts, and web page or power point summaries. When preparing assignments, be careful that you do not plagiarize the works of another; that is, do not present the work or words of another author in a verbatim manner as your own. Consult the University's regulations for more information on the hazards of plagiarism, at http://studentcode.illinois.edu. Assignments handed in late will lose 10% of the possible credit after the class in which they are due, and 10% more for each subsequent day late. No make-ups are provided for missed exams or assignments in the absence of documented and legitimate medical or family emergencies.

    Class Schedule

    Questions and Methods of Historical Archaeology

    Week 1.  Aug. 22 and 24.    Introduction to Historical Archaeology
      Introductory comments and overview of structure of course.
      Readings: Deetz, chap. 1; Orser, chap. 1.
      Film: Time Team America: New Philadelphia (PBS 2009). This film provides an overview of the history of this 19th-century community in western Illinois and a multi-year archaeological project to uncover the remains of its homes and businesses. This archaeology project led to the creation of the New Philadelphia National Historic Site as America's 424th National Park in 2022.
    Week 2.  Aug. 29 and 31.    Defining Historical Archaeology
      Required reading: Deetz, chap. 2.
    Week 3.  Sept. 5 and 7.    Material Culture Created and Forgotten
      Required reading: Deetz, chaps. 3-5.
      Film: Secret Weapon of the Confederacy (Nat'l Geographic, 2013), on the history and archaeology of the Civil War submarine, the H. L. Hunley. This film coveys an impressive set of investigative methods used to recover this sunken vessel and solve the mysteries of its final voyage.
    Week 4.  Sept. 12 and 14.     Interpreting the Forgotten: Studying Material Culture
      Required reading: Deetz, chap. 6.
    Doing Historical Archaeology

    Week 5.  Sept. 19 and 22.    Surveying and Locating Historical Archaeology Sites Week 6.  Sept. 26 and 28.    Written and Wrought: Using Documentary Records, Oral Histories, and Folklore Week 7.  Oct. 3 and 5.    Foodways and Provisioning
      Required reading: excerpts from Doing Historical Archaeology: Exercises Using Documentary, Oral, and Material Evidence, by Russell Barber (Prentice Hall, 1994) (on electronic reserve); "Provisioning Tidewater Towns," by Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (on electronic reserve).
    Week 8.  Oct. 10 and 12.    Recovering, Classifying, and Analyzing Artifacts Week 9.  Oct. 17 and 19.    Stylistic Analyses and Examples from Mortuary Sites
      Required reading: "Death's Head, Cherub, Urn and Willow," by James Deetz and Edwin S. Dethlefsen, with expanded illustrations (review all illustrations associated with the image map labelled as Figure 3 in this article), available online at: http://www.histarch.illinois.edu/plymouth/deathshead.html.
      Suggested reading: "Cemeteries: Living with the Dead," by Randall McGuire, in Invisible America: Unearthing Our Hidden History, edited by Mark P. Leone and Neil A. Silberman, pp. 244-45. New York: Henry Holt, 1995 (on electronic reserve).
      Film: The African Burial Ground: An American Discovery (Gen. Serv. Adm. 1994). This film provides an account of the grass-roots community movement that directed the excavation and analysis of part of an African Burial Ground located beneath the streets of central Manhattan.
    1998 aerial view of New Philadelphia site with town lot overlay
    Blue Ridge Gap at Harpers Ferry

    Studying Social Dynamics and Change

    Week 10.  Oct. 24 and 26.    Explanation in Historical Archaeology // Analysis of Race and Racialization
      Required reading: Deetz, chaps. 7-8.
      Film: Who Owns the Past? (Riffe Productions, 2002). This film provides an account of "the powerful history of the American Indian struggle for control of their ancestral remains."
    Week 11.  Oct. 31 and Nov. 2.    African Diasporas in the Americas
      Required reading: Deetz, chaps. 8-9.
    Week 12.  Nov. 7 and 9.    Landscape, Architecture and Households in Early African America
      Required readings: Ferguson, prologue, introduction, chaps. 1-2.
    Week 13.  Nov. 14 and 16.    Subsistence and Spirituality in Early African America
      Required reading: Ferguson, chaps. 3-4, epilogue.
    Nov. 18-26.    Thanksgiving Break! Classes do not meet.

    Week 14.  Nov. 28 and 30.    Analyzing Gender, Class, and Ethnicity
      Required readings: Elizabeth M. Scott, Through the Lens of Gender: Archaeology, Inequality, and Those of Little Note, in Those of Little Note: Gender, Race and Class in Historical Archaeology, Elizabeth M. Scott, ed., pp. 3-26 (U. Arizona Press, 1994) (on electronic reserve); LouAnn Wurst, A Class All Its Own: Explorations of Class Formation and Conflict, in Historical Archaeology, edited by Martin Hall and Stephen Silliman, pp. 190-206 (Blackwell, 2006) (on electronic reserve); Roberta Greenwood, The Chinese in the Cities of the West, in Unlocking the Past: Celebrating Historical Archaeology in North America, edited by Lu Ann De Cunzo and John Jameson, Jr., pp. 45-49 (Univ. Press of Florida, 2005) (on electronic reserve).

      Review for final exam.
    Week 15.  Dec. 5.    Final examination on Canvas, Dec. 5.
      Exhibit Analysis Paper due.
    New Philadelphia excavators

    Suggested Readings

    The following is a sampling and nonexhaustive list of additional suggested readings that address a variety of topics and studies within the subject of historical archaeology.

    Adams, William H. 1976. Trade Networks and Interaction Spheres -- A View from Silcott. Historical Archaeology 10: 99-112.

    Adams, William H. 1977. Silcott, Washington: Ethnoarchaeology of a Rural American Community, Reports of Investigation 54, Washington State University.

    Agbe-Davies, Anna S. 1998. Dealing with ‘Race’ in African American Archaeology. Anthropology News 39(5): 14.

    Agbe-Davies, Anna S. 2002. Black Scholars, Black Pasts. SAA Archaeological Record 2(4): 24–28.

    Agbe-Davies, Anna S. 2017. Where Tradition and Pragmatism Meet: African Diaspora Archaeology at the Crossroads. Historical Archaeology 51(1): 9–27.

    Agbe-Davies, Anna S., and Claire Fuller Martin. 2013. ‘Demanding a Share of Public Regard’: African American Education at New Philadelphia, Illinois. Transforming Anthropology 21(2): 103–121.

    Agorsah, Kofi, editor. 1994. Maroon Heritage, University of the West Indies Press.

    Ahlman, Todd M., and Gerald F. Schroedl, editors. 2019. Historical Archaeologies of the Caribbean: Contextualizing Sites through Colonialism, Capitalism, and Globalism, University Alabama Press.

    Akin, Marjorie H. 2014. Numismatic Archaeology of North America: A Field Guide, Left Coast Press.

    Andren, Anders (translated by Alan Crozier). 1998. Between Artifacts and Texts: Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective, Plenum Press.

    Armstrong, Douglas A. 1990. The Old Village and the Great House: An Archaeological and Historical Examination of Drax Hall Plantation, St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, University of Illinois Press.

    Armstrong, Douglas A. 2003. Creole Transformation from Slavery to Freedom: Historical Archaeology of the East End Community, St. John, Virgin Island, University Press of Florida.

    Archer, Steven, and Kevin Bartoy, editors. 2007. Between Dirt and Discussion: Methods, Methodology and Interpretation in Historical Archaeology, Springer Press.

    Ascher, Robert. 1961. Analogy in Archaeological Interpretation. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 17: 317-25.

    Atalay, Sonya. 2012. Community-Based Archaeology: Research with, by, and for Indigenous and Local Communities, University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Augé, C. Riley. 2020. The Archaeology of Magic: Gender and Domestic Protection in Seventeenth-Century New England, University Press of Florida.

    Backhouse, Paul N., Brent R. Weisman, and Mary Beth Rosebrough, editors. 2017. We Come for Good: Archaeology and Tribal Historic Preservation at the Seminole Tribe of Florida, University Press of Florida.

    Baker, Vernon G. 1978. Historical Archaeology of Black Lucy's Garden, Andover, Massachusetts: Ceramics from the Site of a Nineteenth Century Afro-American, Philips Academy.

    Balanzátegui, D. 2018. Collaborative Archaeology to Revitalize an Afro-Ecuadorian Cemetery. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage 7(1): 42–69.

    Barile, Kerri. 2004. Hegemony within the Household: The Perspective from a South Carolina Plantation. In Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the Domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, edited by Kerri Barile and Jamie Brandon, University of Alabama Press.

    Barker, David. 2001. "The Usual Classes of Useful Articles": Staffordshire Ceramics Reconsidered. Ceramics in America 1: 73-93.

    Barnes, Jodi, editor. 2011. The Materiality of Freedom: Archaeologies of Post-Emancipation Life, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia.

    Barton, Christopher P. 2022. The Archaeology of Race and Class At Timbuctoo: A Black Community in New Jersey, University Press of Florida.

    Barton, Christopher P., editor. 2021. Trowels In the Trenches: Archaeology As Social Activism, University Press of Florida.

    Battle-Baptiste, Whitney. 2011. Black Feminist Archaeology, Routledge.

    Baugher, Sherene. 2014. Archaeology and Preservation of Gendered Landscapes, Springer, New York.

    Baugher, Sherene, and Richard Veit, editors. 2014. The Archaeology of American Cemeteries and Gravemarkers, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

    Baugher, Sherene, and Robert W. Venables. 1987. Ceramics as Indicators of Status and Class in Eighteenth-Century New York. In Consumer Choice in Historical Archaeology, edited by Suzanne Spencer-Wood, pp. 31-53, Plenum Press.

    Baxter, Jane Eva. 2019. The Archaeology of American Childhood and Adolescence, University Press of Florida.

    Beaudry, Mary. 1996. Reinventing Historical Archaeology. In Historical Archaeology and the Study of American Culture, edited by Lu Ann De Cunzo and Bernard Herman. University of Tennessee Press.

    Beaudry, Mary, editor. 1988. Documentary Archaeology in the New World, Cambridge University Press.

    Beaudry, Mary C., Lauren J. Cook and Stephen A. Mrozowski. 1991. Artifacts and Active Voices: Material Culture as Social Discourse. In The Archaeology of Inequality, edited by Randall H. McGuire and Robert Paynter, pp. 150-191, Blackwell Publishers.

    Beaudry, Mary C., Janet Long, Henry M. Miller, Fraser D. Neiman and Gary Wheeler Stone. 2000. A Vessel Typology for Early Chesapeake Ceramics: The Potomac Typological System. In Approaches to Material Culture Research for Historical Archaeologists, compiled by David R. Brauner, pp. 11-36, Society for Historical Archaeology.

    Beaudry, Mary C., and Stephen A. Mrozowski. 2001. Cultural Space and Worker Identity in the Company City: Nineteenth-Century Lowell, Massachusetts. In The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes: Explorations in Slumland, edited by Alan Mayne and Tim Murray, Cambridge University Press.

    Bell, Alison. 2005. White Ethnogenesis and Gradual Capitalism: Perspectives from Colonial Archaeological Sites in the Chesapeake. American Anthropologist, 107(3): 446-59.

    Bell, Edward L. 1990. The Historical Archaeology of Mortuary Behavior: Coffin Hardware from Ux bridge, Massachusetts. Historical Archaeology 24: 54-78.

    Blakey, Michael L. 1997. Commentary: Past is Present: Comments on ‘In the Realm of Politics: Prospects for Public Participation in African-American Plantation Archaeology.’ Historical Archaeology 31(3): 140–145.

    Blakey, Michael L. 2001. Bioarchaeology of the African Diaspora in the Americas: Its Origins and Scope. Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 387-422.

    Blakey, Michael L. 2020. Archaeology under the Blinding Light of Race. Current Anthropology 61.

    Boudreaux III, Edmond A., Maureen Meyers, and Jay K. Johnson, editors. 2020. Contact, Colonialism, and Native Communities in the Southeastern United States, University Press of Florida.

    Bower, Beth A. 1985. The Pottery-Making Trade in Colonial Philadelphia: The Growth of an Early Urban Industry. In Domestic Pottery of the Northeastern United States, edited by Sarah P. Turnbaugh, pp. 265-284, Academic Press.

    Bowser, Brenda J. 2000. From Pottery to Politics: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Political Factionalism, Ethnicity, and Domestic Pottery Style in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 7(3): 219-48.

    Brighton, Stephen A. 2009. Historical Archaeology of the Irish Diaspora: A Transnational Approach, University of Tennessee Press.

    Brooks, Alasdair, and Natascha Mehler, editors. 2017. The Country Where My Heart Is: Historical Archaeologies of Nationalism and National Identity, University Press of Florida.

    Brown, Gail. 2001. Wounded Knee: The Conflict of Interpretation.In Myth, Memory and the Making of the American Landscape, edited by Paul Shackel, University Press of Florida.

    Brown, Margaret Kimball and Lawrie Cena Dean. 1995. The French Colony in the Mid-Mississippi Valley. American Kestrel Books.

    Brown, Ras Michael. 2014. African-Atlantic Cultures and the South Carolina Lowcountry, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Camp, Stacey Lynn. 2013. The Archaeology of Citizenship, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

    Campbell, Colin. 1987. The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism, Basil Blackwell.

    Carson, Cary. 1994. The Consumer Revolution in Colonial British America: Why Demand? In Of Consuming Interests: The Style of Life in the Eighteenth Century, edited by Cary Carson, Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, pp. 483-697, University Press of Virginia.

    Carson, Cary, Norman F. Barka, William M. Kelso, Garry Wheeler Stone and Dell Upton. 1981. Impermanent Architecture in the Southern American Colonies. Winterthur Portfolio 16(2/3): 135-96.

    Casella, Eleanor, and James Symonds, editors. 2005. Industrial Archaeology: Future Directions, Springer Press.

    Chacon, Yamilette, and Richard J. Chacon, editors. 2023. Archaeological and Ethnographic Evidence of Domination In Indigenous Latin America, University Press of Florida.

    Cha–Jua, Sundiata Keita. 2000. America's First Black Town, Brooklyn, Illinois, 1830–1915. University of Illinois Press.

    Chenoweth, John M. 2017. Simplicity, Equality, and Slavery: An Archaeology of Quakerism in the British Virgin Islands, 1740–1780, University Press of Florida.

    Christie, Jessica Joyce. 2021. Earth Politics and Intangible Heritage: Three Case Studies in the Americas, University Press of Florida.

    Cipolla, Craig N., and Katherine H. Hayes, editors. 2015. Rethinking Colonialism: Comparative Archaeological Approaches, University Press of Florida.

    Claasen, Cheryl, editor. 1992. Exploring Gender through Archaeology: Selected Papers from the 1991 Boone Conference, Prehistory Press.

    Cleland, Charles and James Fitting. 1968. The Crisis of Identity: Theory in Historic Sites Archaeology. The Conference of Historic Sites Archaeology Papers 2(2):124-138.

    Cobb, Charles R. 2019. The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era, University Press of Florida.

    Connah, Graham. 2001. The Lake Innes Estate: Privilage and Servitude in Ninteenth-Century Australia. World Archaeology 33(1): 137-54.

    Cooksey, Susan, Robin Poynor, and Hein Vanhee, editors. 2013. Kongo Across the Waters, University of Florida Press, Gainesville.

    Cressey, Pamela J., John F. Stephens, Steven J. Shephard, and Barbara H. Magid. 1982. The Core-Periphery Relationship and the Archaeological Record in Alexandria, Virginia. In Archaeology of Urban America: The Search for Pattern and Process, edited by Roy S. Dickens, Jr., pp. 143-73, Academic Press.

    Crist, Thomas. 2002. Empowerment, Ecology and Evidence: The Relevance of Mortuary Archaeology to the Public. In Public Benefits of Archaeology, edited by Barbara Little, University Press of Florida.

    Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, and Eugene Rochberg-Halton. 1981. The Meanings of Things: Domestic Symbols and the Self, Cambridge University Press.

    Davis, James. 1998. Frontier Illinois. Indiana University Press.

    Deagan, Kathleen. 1982. Avenues of Inquiry in Historical Archaeology. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 5: 151-77.

    Deagan, Kathleen, and MacMahon, D. 1995. Fort Mose: Colonial America's Black Fortress of Freedom, University Press of Florida.

    De Cunzo, Lu Ann. 2004. A Historical Archaeology of Delaware: People, Contexts, and the Cultures of Agriculture, University of Tennessee Press.

    De Cunzo, Lu Ann, and John H. Jameson, editors. 2005. Unlocking The Past: Celebrating Historical Archaeology In North America, University Press of Florida.

    Deetz, James. 1965. The Dynamics of Stylistic Change in Arikara Ceramics. Illinois Studies in Anthropology, No. 4. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.

    Deetz, James. 1987. Scientific Humanism and Humanistic Science: A Plea for Paradigmatic Pluralism in Historical Archaeology. In Mirror and Metaphor: Material and Social Constructions of Reality, Daniel W. Ingersoll, Jr. and Gordon Bronitsky, editors, pp. 367-380.

    Deetz, James. 1993. Flowerdew Hundred: The Archaeology of a Virginia Plantation, 1619-1864, University Press of Virginia.

    Deetz, James, and Patricia Scott Deetz. 2000. The Times of Their Lives: Life, Love, and Death in Plymouth Colony. W. H. Freeman, New York.

    Deetz, James, and Edwin S. Deflefsen. 1967. Death's Head, Cherub, Urn and Willow. Natural History 76(3): 29-37.

    Delgado, J. P., Marx, D. E., Lent, K., Grinnan, J. and DeCaro, A. 2023. “Clotilda:” The History and Archaeology of the Last Slave Ship, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.

    Delle, James A. 1998. An Archaeology of Social Space: Analyzing Coffee Plantations in Jamaica's Blue Mountains, Plenum Press.

    Delle, James A. 2014. The Colonial Caribbean: Landscapes of Power in Jamaica's Plantation System, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Delle, James A. 2019. The Archaeology of Northern Slavery and Freedom, University Press of Florida.

    Delle, James A., Mark W. Hauser, and Douglas V. Armstrong, editors. 2011. Out of Many, One People: The Historical Archaeology of Colonial Jamaica, University of Alabama Press.

    Delle, James A., Stephen A. Mrozowski, and Robert Paynter, editors. 2000. Lines that Divide: Historical Archaeologies of Race, Class, and Gender, University of Tennessee Press.

    Douglas, Mary, and Baron Isherwood. 1979. The World of Goods, Basic Books.

    Edwards-Ingram, Ywone D., and Andrew C. Edwards, editors. 2021. Historical Archaeology In the Twenty-First Century: Lessons From Colonial Williamsburg, University Press of Florida.

    Egan, Geoff, and R. L. Michael, editors. 1999. Old and New Worlds, Oxbow.

    Epperson, Terrence. 1999. The Contested Commons: Archaeologies of Race, Repression and Resistance in New York City. In Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, edited by Mark Leone and Parker Potter, Klewer Academic Press.

    Epperson, Terrence. 1999. Constructing Difference: The Social and Spatial Order of the Chesapeake Plantation. In "I, Too Am America": Archaeological Studies of African-American Life, edited by Theresa A. Singleton, University Press of Virginia.

    Epperson, Terrence W. 2004. Critical Race Theory and the Archaeology of the African Diaspora. Historical Archaeology 38(1): 101–108.

    Ethridge, Robbie, and Eric E. Bowne, editors. 2020. The Historical Turn In Southeastern Archaeology, University Press of Florida.

    Falk, Lisa, editor. 1991. Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Falola, Toyin, and Akin Ogundiran, editors. 2007. Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African Diaspora, Indiana University Press.

    Farnsworth, Paul, editor. 2001. Island Lives: Historical Archaeologies of the Caribbean, University Alabama Press.

    Feder, Kenneth L. 1994. A Village of Outcasts: Historical Archaeology and Documentary Research at the Lighthouse Site, Mayfield.

    Fellows, Kristen R., Angela J. Smith, and Anna M. Munns, editors. 2020. Historical Sex Work: New Contributions from History and Archaeology, University Press of Florida.

    Fennell, Christopher. 2000. Conjuring Boundaries: Inferring Past Identities from Religious Artifacts. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 4(4): 281-313.

    Fennell, Christopher. 2003. Group Identity, Individual Creativity and Symbolic Generation in a BaKongo Diaspora. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 7(1): 1-31.

    Fennell, Christopher. 2007. Crossroads and Cosmologies: Diasporas and Ethnogenesis in the New World, University Press of Florida.

    Fennell, Christopher. 2011. Early African America: Archaeological Studies of Significance and Diversity. Journal of Archaeological Research 19(1): 1-49.

    Fennell, Christopher. 2017. Broken Chains and Subverted Plans: Ethnicity, Race, Commodities, University Press of Florida.

    Fennell, Christopher. 2021. The Archaeology of Craft and Industry, University Press of Florida.

    Fennell, Christopher, editor. 2008. African Diaspora Archaeology, Society for Historical Archaeology.

    Fennell, Christopher, editor. 2011. Revealing Landscapes, Society for Historical Archaeology.

    Fennell, Christopher, editor. 2016. Investigations of Craft and Industrial Enterprise, Society for Historical Archaeology.

    Fennell, Christopher, Paul A. Shackel, Terrance J. Martin, editors. 2010. New Philadelphia: Racism, Community, and the Illinois Frontier specially edited thematic issue of Historical Archaeology 44(1).

    Ferguson, Leland, editor. 1977. Historical Archaeology and the Importance of Material Things, Society for Historical Archaeology.

    Ferris, Neal, Rodney Harrison, and Michael V. Wilcox, editors. 2015. Rethinking Colonial Pasts through Archaeology, Oxford University Press.

    Fisher, Charles, editor. 2003. People, Places, and Material Things: Historical Archaeology of Albany, New York, New York State Museum Bulletin 499, New York State Museum.

    Fitts, Mary Elizabeth. 2017. Fit for War: Sustenance and Order in the Mid-Eighteenth-Century Catawba Nation, University Press of Florida.

    Flewellen, Ayana Omilade. 2017. Locating Marginalized Historical Narratives at Kingsley Plantation. Historical Archaeology 51(1): 71–87.

    Flewellen, Ayana Omilade, Justin P. Dunnavant, Alicia Odewale, Alexandra Jones, Tsione Wolde-Michael, Zoe Crossland, and Maria Franklin. 2021. ‘The Future of Archaeology is Antiracist’: Archaeology in the Time of Black Lives Matter. American Antiquity 86(2): 224– 243.

    Fowler, William R. 2022. A Historical Archaeology of Early Spanish Colonial Urbanism in Central America, University Press of Florida.

    Fox, Georgia L. 2015. The Archaeology of Smoking and Tobacco, University Press of Florida.

    Fox, Georgia L., editor. 2020. An Archaeology and History of a Caribbean Sugar Plantation on Antigua, University Press of Florida.

    Fracchia, Adam D., and Patricia M. Samford. 2023. Below Baltimore: An Archaeology of Charm City, University Press of Florida.

    Franklin, Maria. 1997a. ‘Power to the People’: Sociopolitics and the Archaeology of Black Americans. Historical Archaeology 31(3): 36–50.

    Franklin, Maria. 1997b. Why Are There So Few Black American Archaeologists? Antiquity 71(274): 799– 801.

    Franklin, Maria. 2001. A Black Feminist-Inspired Archaeology? Journal of Social Archaeology 1(1): 108–125.

    Franklin, Maria. 2001. The Archaeological Dimensions of Soul Food: Interpreting Race, Culture and Afro-Virginian Identity. In Race and the Archaeology of Identity, edited by Charles Orser, Jr., University of Utah Press.

    Franklin, Maria, Justin P. Dunnavant, Ayana Omilade Flewellen, and Alicia Odewale. 2020. The Future is Now: Archaeology and the Eradication of Anti-Blackness. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 24(4): 753–766.

    Franklin, Maria, and Garrett Fesler. 1999. The Exploration of Ethnicity and the Historical Archaeological Record. In Historical Archaeology, Identity Formation, and the Interpretation of Ethnicity, edited by Maria Franklin and Garrett Fesler, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.

    Franklin, M., Dunnavant, J. P., Flewellen, A.O., and Odewale, A. (2022). The Future is Now: Archaeology and the Eradication of Anti-Blackness. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 24: 753–766.

    Franklin, Maria, and Larry McKee. 2004. African Diaspora Archaeologies: Present Insights and Expanding Discourses. Historical Archaeology 38(1): 1–9.

    Funari, Pedro Paulo A., Martin Hall, and Sian Jones, editors. 1999. Historical Archaeology: Back from the Edge, Routledge, One World Archaeology 31.

    Funari, Pedro Paulo A., and Charles E. Orser, Jr., editors. 2014. Current Perspectives on the Archaeology of African Slavery in Latin America, Springer Press, New York.

    Funari, Pedro Paulo A., and Maria Ximena Senatore, editors. 2014. Archaeology of Culture Contact and Colonialism in Spanish and Portuguese America , Springer, New York.

    Gall, M., and R. Veit, editors. 2017. Archaeologies of African American Life in the Upper Mid-Atlantic, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.

    Garman, James C. 1994. Viewing the Color Line Through the Material Culture of Death. Historical Archaeology 28(3): 74-93.

    Gathercole, Peter, and David Lowenthal, editors. 1990. The Politics of the Past, Unwin Hyman.

    Geier, Clarence, Lawrence E. Babits, Douglas Scott, and David Orr, editors. 2010. The Historical Archaeology of Military Sites, Texas A&M University Press.

    Geier, Clarence R., Douglas D. Scott, and Lawrence E. Babits, editors. 2014. From These Honored Dead: Historical Archaeology of the American Civil War, University Press of Florida, Gaineville.

    Geier, Clarence R., Douglas D. Scott, Lawrence E. Babits, and David Orr, editors. 2010. Historical Archaeology of Military Sites: Method and Topic, Texas A&M University Press.

    Geier, Clarence R., and Susan E. Winter, editors. 1996. Look to the Earth: Historical Archaeology and the American Civil War, University of Tennessee Press.

    George, Diane F., and Bernice Kurchin, editors. 2019. Archaeology of Identity and Dissonance: Contexts for a Brave New World, University Press of Florida.

    Glassie, Henry. 1975. Folk Housing in Middle Virginia: A Structural Analaysis of Historic Artifacts, University of Tennessee Press.

    Glassie, Henry. 1999. Material Culture, Indiana University Press.

    Glassie, Henry. 2000. Vernacular Architecture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    González, Pablo Alonso. 2019. Cuban Cultural Heritage: A Rebel Past for a Revolutionary Nation, University Press of Florida.

    González-Tennant, E. 2018. The Rosewood Massacre: An Archaeology and History of Intersectional Violence, Uiversity Press of Florida, Gainesville.

    Goodwin, Lorinda. 2010. An Archaeology of Manners: The Polite World of the Merchant Elite of Colonial Massachusetts, Springer Press.

    Gould, D. Rae, Holly Herbster, Heather Law Pezzarossi, and Stephen A. Mrozowski. 2020. Historical Archaeology and Indigenous Collaboration: Discovering Histories that have Futures, University Press of Florida.

    Gould, Richard A., and Michael B. Schiffer, editors. 1981. Modern Material Culture: The Archaeology of Us, Academic Press.

    Graff, Rebecca S. 2020. Disposing of Modernity: The Archaeology of Garbage and Consumerism During Chicago's 1893 World's Fair, University Press of Florida.

    Groover, Mark D. 2003. An Archaeological Study of Rural Capitalism and Material Life: The Gibbs Farmstead in Southern Appalachia, 1790-1920, Springer Press.

    Groover, Mark D. 2008. Archaeology of North American Farmsteads, University Press of Florida.

    Hall, Martin, and Stephen W. Silliman, editors. 2006. Historical Archaeology, Wiley-Blackwell.

    Hanselmann, Frederick H. 2019. Captain Kidd's Lost Ship: The Wreck of the "Quedagh Merchant", University Press of Florida.

    Hardesty, Donald. 1985. Evolution on the Industrial Frontier. In The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries, edited by Stanton W. Green and Stephen M. Perlman, pp. 213-29, Academic Press.

    Hardesty, Donald L. 1988. The Archaeology of Mining and Miners: A View from the Silver State, Society for Historical Archaeology.

    Harrington, J. C. 1955. Archaeology as an Auxiliary Science to American History. American Anthropologist 57(6):1121-1130.

    Harris, Lynn Brenda, and Valerie Ann Johnson, editors. 2022. Excavating the Histories of Slave-Trade and Pirate Ships: Property, Plunder and Loss, Springer Press.

    Hart, Siobhan M. 2019. Colonialism, Community, and Heritage in Native New England, University Press of Florida.

    Hauser, Mark W., and Diane Wallman, editors. 2020. Archaeology In Dominica: Everyday Ecologies and Economies at Morne Patate, University Press of Florida.

    Haviser, Jay, editor. 1999. African Sites Archaeology in the Caribbean, Markus Weiner.

    Hayes, Katherine H. 2014. Slavery before Race: Europeans, Africans, and Indians at Long Island's Sylvester Manor Plantation, 1651-1884, New York University Press, New York.

    Heath, Barbara J. 1999. Hidden Lives: The Archaeology of Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest, University Press of Virginia.

    Hicks, Dan, and Mary C. Beaudry, editors. 2006. Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press.

    Hodder, Ian. 1982. Symbols in Action, Cambridge University Press.

    Hodge, Christina J. 2014. Consumerism and the Emergence of the Middle Class in Colonial America, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Hooper, Glenn, editor. 2018. Heritage At the Interface: Interpretation and Identity, University Press of Florida.

    Horning, Audrey. 2001. Of Saints and Sinners: Mythic Landscapes of the Old and New South. In Myth, Memory and the Making of the American Landscape, edited by Paul Shackel, University Press of Florida.

    Isaac, Rhys. 1982. The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790, University of North Carolina Press.

    James, Ronald M. 2012. Virginia City: Secrets of a Western Past, Bison Books.

    Janowitz, Meta F., and Diane Dallal, editors. 2015. Tales of Gotham, Historical Archaeology, Ethnohistory and Microhistory of New York City, Springer Press.

    Jones, Sian. 1997. The Archaeology of Ethnicity, Routledge.

    Joseph, J. W. and Mary Beth Reed. 1997. "We Were Just Dirt Farmers": The Archaeology of Piedmont Farmstead Landscapes. In Carolina's Historical Landscapes: Archaeological Perspectives, edited by Linda Stine, Martha Zierden, Lesley Drucker and Christopher Judge, University of Tennessee Press.

    Keener, Craig. 1999. An Ethnohistorical Analysis of Iroqouis Assault Tactics Used Against Fortified Settlements of the Northeast in the Seventeenth Century. Ethnohistory 46(4): 777-807.

    Kelso, William M. 1984. Kingsmill Plantations, 1619-1800: Archaeology of Country Life in Colonial Virginia, Academic Press.

    King, Julia. 1994. Rural Landscapes in the Mid-Ninteenth-Century Chesapeake. In Historical Archaeology of the Chesapeake, edited by Paul Shackel and Barbara Little, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Kozakavich, Stacy C. 2017. The Archaeology of Utopian and Intentional Communities, University Press of Florida.

    Kruczek-Aaron, Hadley. 2015. Everyday Religion: An Archaeology of Protestant Belief and Practice in the Nineteenth Century, University Press of Florida.

    LaRoche, C. J. 2014. Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad: The Geography of Resistance, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.

    LaRoche, Cheryl J., and Michael L. Blakey. 1997. Seizing Intellectual Power: The Dialogue at the New York African Burial Ground. Historical Archaeology 31(3): 84–106.

    Leone, Mark P. 1984. Interpreting Ideology in Historical Archaeology: Using the Rules of Perspective in the William Paca Garden, Annapolis Maryland. In Ideology, Power, and Prehistory, edited by Daniel Miller and Christopher Tilley, Cambridge University Press.

    Leone, Mark P. 1986. Symbolic, Structural and Critical Archaeology. In American Archaeology Past and Future, edited by Don Fowler and Jeremy Sabloff, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Leone, Mark P. 2010. Critical Historical Archaeology, Left Coast Press.

    Leone, Mark P., and Jocelyn E. Knauf, editors. 2015. Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, Springer Press.

    Leone, Mark P., Cheryl Janifer LaRoche, and Jennifer J. Babiarz. 2005. The Archaeology of Black Americans in Recent Times. Annual Review of Anthropology 34(1): 575–598.

    Leone, Mark P., and Parker B. Potter, Jr., editors. 1988. The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Leone, Mark P., and Parker B. Potter, Jr., editors. 1999. Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, Kluwer Academic/Plenum.

    Leone, Mark P., Parker B. Potter, Jr., and Paul A. Shackel. 1987. Toward A Critical Archaeology. Current Anthropology 28(3): 283-301.

    Leone, Mark P., and Paul A. Shackel. 1987. Forks, Clocks, and Power. In Mirror and Metaphor: Material and Social Constructions of Reality, edited by Daniel W. Ingersoll, Jr. and Gordon Bronitsky, pp. 45-62, University Press of America.

    Lewis, Kenneth E. 2005. Camden: Historical Archaeology in the South Carolina Backcountry, Wadsworth Publishing.

    Little, Barbara J. 2007. Historical Archaeology: Why the Past Matters, Routledge Press.

    Little, Barbara J. 2023. Bending Archaeology toward Social Justice: Transformational Action for Positive Peace, University Alabama Press.

    Little, Barbara J., editor. 1992. Text-aided Archaeology, CRC Press.

    Little, Barbara J., Lanphear, Kim M., and Owsley, Douglas W. 1992. Mortuary Display and Status in a Nineteenth Century Anglo-American Cemetery in Manassas, Virginia. American Antiquity 57: 397-418.

    Lucas, Gavin. 2006. An Archaeology of Colonial Identity: Power and Material Culture in the Dwars Valley, South Africa, Springer Press.

    Lukezic, Craig, and John P. McCarthy, editors. 2021. The Archaeology of New Netherland: A World Built on Trade, University Press of Florida.

    Mack, Mark E., and Michael L. Blakey. 2004. The New York African Burial Ground Project: Past Biases, Current Dilemmas, and Future Research Opportunities. Historical Archaeology 38(1): 10–17.

    Majewski, Teresita, and David Gaimster, editors. 2009. International Handbook of Historical Archaeology, Springer Press.

    Mallios, Seth. 2019. Born a Slave, Died a Pioneer: Nathan Harrison and the Historical Archaeology of Legend, Berghahn Books.

    Mansberger, Floyd. 1998. Farmsteads, Rural House Sites, and Hamlets: The Material Basis of Middle-Nineteenth-Century Rural Life in Western Illinois: Historical Archaeological Investigations in Mendon Township, Adams County, Illinois. Fever River Research and Center for American Archeology.

    Marshall, Lydia Wilson, editor. 2014. The Archaeology of Slavery: A Comparative Approach to Captivity and Coercion, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

    Martin, Ann Smart. 1994. "Fashionable Sugar Dishes, Latest Fashion Ware:" The Creamware Revolution in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake. In Historical Archaeology of the Chesapeake, edited by Paul A. Shackel and Barbara J. Little, pp. 169-87, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Martin, Ann Smart. 2001. Magical, Mythical, Practical and Sublime: The Meanings and Uses of Ceramics in America. Ceramics in America 1: 29-46.

    Mathers, Clay, editor. 2020. Modeling Entradas: Sixteenth-Century Assemblages in North America, University Press of Florida.

    Matthews, Christopher. 2013. An Archaeology of Capitalism, University Press of Florida.

    Matthews, Christopher N. 2020. A Struggle For Heritage: Archaeology and Civil Rights in a Long Island Community, University Press of Florida.

    Matthews, Christopher, and Alison M. McGovern, editors. 2015. The Archaeology of Race in the Northeast, University Press of Florida.

    Mazrim, Robert. 2002. 'Now Quite Out of Society': Archaeology and the Illinois Frontier. Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program.

    McCarthy, John P. 1997. Material Culture and the Performance of Sociocultural Identity: Community, Ethnicity and Agency in the Burial Practices at the First African Baptist Church Cemeteries, Philadelphia. In American Material Culture: The Shape of the Field, edited by Ann Smart Martin and J. Ritchie Garrison, University of Tennessee Press.

    McCracken, Grant. 1990. Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities, Indiana University Press.

    McDonald, Kevin P. 2015. Pirates, Merchants, Settlers, and Slaves: Colonial America and the Indo-Atlantic World, University of California Press.

    McGill, Alicia Ebbitt. 2021. Negotiating Heritage Through Education and Archaeology: Colonialism, National Identity, and Resistance in Belize, University Press of Florida.

    McGuire, Randall H. 1982. The Study of Ethnicity in Historical Archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1: 159-78.

    McGuire, Randall H. 1988. Dialogues with the Dead: Ideology and the Cemetery. In The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, edited by Mark P. Leone and Parker B. Potter, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    McGuire, Randall H., and Robert Paynter, editors. 1991. The Archaeology of Inequality, Basil Blackwell.

    Messenger, Phyllis Mauch, and Susan J. Bender, editors. 2019. History and Approaches to Heritage Studies, University Press of Florida.

    Methany, Karen G., and Mary Beaudry, editors. 2015. Archaeology of Food: An Encyclopedia, Rowman and Littlefield.

    Mickel, Allison. 2021. Why Those Who Shovel Are Silent: A History of Local Archaeological Knowledge and Labor, University Press of Colorado, Boulder.

    Miller, Daniel. 1987. Material Culture and Mass Consumption, Basil Blackwell.

    Miller, Henry M., and Travis G. Parno, editors. 2021. Unearthing St. Mary's City: Fifty Years of Archaeology at Maryland's First Capital, University Press of Florida.

    Mintz, Sidney. 1985. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History, Penguin Books.

    Morgan, Edmund. 1975. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, W. W. Norton.

    Moussette, Marcel. 2003. An Encounter in the Baroque Age: French and Amerindians in North America. Historical Archaeology 37(4).

    Moyer, Teresa S. 2015. Ancestors of Worthy Life: Plantation Slavery and Black Heritage at Mount Clare, University of Florida Press.

    Mullins, Paul. 1999. Race and Affluence: An Archaeology of African America and Consumer Culture, Springer Press.

    Mullins, Paul. 1999. "A Bold and Gorgeous Front": The Contradictions of African American and Consumer Culture. In Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, edited by Mark Leone and Parker Potter, Klewer Academic Press.

    Mullins, Paul R. 2021. Revolting Things: An Archaeology of Shameful Histories and Repulsive Realities, University Press of Florida.

    Murphy, Melissa S., and Haagen D. Klaus, editors. 2017. Colonized Bodies, Worlds Transformed: Toward a Global Bioarchaeology of Contact and Colonialism, University Press of Florida.

    Nassaney, Michael S. 2019. Fort St. Joseph Revealed: The Historical Archaeology of a Fur Trading Post, University Press of Florida.

    Nassaney, Michael S., and Cheryl LaRoche. 2011. Race and the Society for Historical Archaeology: Steps toward Claiming an Anti-Racist Institutional Identity. SHA Newsletter 44(4): 4–6.

    Ness, Kathryn L. 2017. Setting the Table: Ceramics, Dining, and Cultural Exchange in Andalucía and La Florida, University Press of Florida.

    Nickolai, Carol. 2003. Class and Gender in Nineteenth-Century Rural Michigan: The Merriman-Sharp Hillside Farm. Historical Archaeology 37(4): 69-83.

    Noël Hume, Ivor. 1969. A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America, Alfred K. Knopf.

    Noël Hume, Ivor. 1972. Historical Archaeology, Alfred K. Knopf.

    Noël Hume, Ivor. 1994. The Virginia Adventure, Alfred K. Knopf.

    Novak, Shannon and Derinna Kopp. 2003. To Feed a Tree in Zion: Osteological Analysis of the 1857 Mountain Meadows Massacre. Historical Archaeology 37(2).

    Nyman, James A., Kevin R. Fogle, and Mary C. Beaudry, editors. 2019. The Historical Archaeology of Shadow and Intimate Economies, University Press of Florida.

    Obermayr, Erich, and Robert W. McQueen. 2016. Historical Archaeology in the Cortez Mining District: Under the Nevada Giant, University of Nevada Press.

    Odewale, A. 2019. An Archaeology of Struggle: Material Remnants of a Double Consciousness in the American South and Danish Caribbean Communities. Transforming Anthropology 26(2): 157–172.

    Ogundiran, Akinwumi, and Paula Saunders, editors. 2014. Materialities of Ritual in the Black Atlantic, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

    Orr, David G., et al., editors. 2006. Huts and History: The Historical Archaeology of Military Encampment During the American Civil War, University Press of Florida.

    Orser, Charles, Jr. 1999. The Challenge of Race to American Historical Archaeology. American Anthropologist 100(3): 661-68.

    Orser, Charles, E., Jr. 2001. The Anthropology in American Historical Archaeology. American Anthropologist 103(3): 621-32.

    Orser, Charles, E., Jr. 2003. Race and Practice in Archaeological Interpretation, University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Orser, Charles, E., Jr., editor. 1996. Images of the Recent Past: Readings in Historical Archaeology: Readings in Historical Archaeology, AltaMira Press.

    Orser, Charles, E., Jr., editor. 2001. Race and the Archaeology of Identity, University of Utah Press.

    Orser, Charles, E., Jr., editor. 2002. Encyclopedia of Historical Archaeology, Routledge.

    Orser, Charles E., Jr., Andres Zarankin, Pedro Funari, Susan Lawrence, and James Symonds, editors. 2022. The Routledge Handbook of Global Historical Archaeology, Routledge Press.

    Paynter, Robert. 1990. Afro-Americans in the Massachusetts Historical Landscape. In The Politics of the Past, edited by P. Gathercole and D. Lowenthal, Routledge Press.

    Paynter, Robert. 2000. Historical and Anthropological Archaeology: Forging Alliances. Journal of Archaeological Research 8: 1-37.

    Peres, Tanya M., and Rochelle A. Marrinan, editors. 2021. Unearthing the Missions of Spanish Florida, University Press of Florida.

    Perry, Warren, and Robert Paynter. 1999. Artifacts, Ethnicity, and the Archaeology of African Americans. In "I, Too, Am America:" Archaeological Studies of African-American Life, edited by Theresa A. Singleton, University Press of Virginia.

    Pollack, David, Anne Tobbe Bader, and Justin N. Carlson, editors. 2021. Falls of the Ohio River: Archaeology of Native American Settlement, University Press of Florida.

    Potter, Parker B., Jr. 1994. Public Archaeology in Annapolis: A Critical Approach to History in Maryland's Ancient City, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Praetzellis, Adrian. 2000. Death by Theory: A Tale of Mystery and Archaeological Theory, Altamira Press.

    Praetzellis, Adrian. 2003. Dug to Death: A Tale of Archaeological Method and Mayhem, Altamira Press.

    Praetzellis, Adrian and Mary Praetzellis. 2001. Mangling Symbols of Gentility in the Wild West: Case Studies in Interpretive Archaeology. American Anthropologist 103(3): 645-54.

    Praetzellis, Adrian, Mary Praetzellis and Marley Brown III. 1987. Artifacts as Symbols of Identity: An Example from Sacramento’s Gold Rush Era Chinese Community. In Living in Cities: Current Research in Urban Archaeology, edited by Edward Staski, pp. 38-47, Society for Historical Archaeology.

    Pykles, Benjamin C. 2010. Excavating Nauvoo: The Mormons and the Rise of Historical Archaeology in America, University of Nebraska Press.

    Quimby, Ian, editor. 1978. Material Culture and the Study of American Life, W. W. Norton.

    Reeder-Myers, Leslie, John A. Turck, and Torben C. Rick. 2019. The Archaeology of Human-Environmental Dynamics on the North American Atlantic Coast, University Press of Florida.

    Reid, Basil A., and R. Grant Gilmore III, editors. 2014. Encyclopedia of Caribbean Archaeology, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

    Richard, Francois G., and Kevin C. MacDonald, editors. 2015. Ethnic Ambiguity and the African Past, Left Coast Press.

    Roller, Michael P. 2019. An Archaeology of Structural Violence: Life in a Twentieth-Century Coal Town, University Press of Florida.

    Rose, Chelsea, and J. Ryan Kennedy, editors. 2020. Chinese Diaspora Archaeology in North America, University Press of Florida.

    Ross, Douglas E. 2013. An Archaeology of Asian Transnationalism, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

    Rotman, Deborah. 2009. Historical Archaeology of Gendered Lives, Springer Press.

    St. George, Robert Blair, editor. 1988. Material Life in America, 1600-1860, Northeastern University Press.

    Saunders, P. 2015. Analysis of an African Burial Ground in Nineteenth-century Jamaica. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage 4(2): 143–171.

    Sayers, Daniel O. 2014. A Desolate Place for a Defiant People: The Archaeology of Maroons, Indigenous Americans, and Enslaved Laborers in the Great Dismal Swamp, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

    Sayers, Daniel O. 2023. The Archaeology of the Homed and the Unhomed, University Press of Florida.

    Schavelzon, Daniel. 2010. Historical Archaeology of Buenos Aires: A City at the End of the World, Springer Press.

    Schlereth, Thomas, editor. 1982. Material Culture Studies in America, American Association for State and Local History.

    Schmidt, Peter. 2006. Historical Archaeology in Africa: Representation, Social Memory, and Oral Traditions, AltaMira Press.

    Schneider, Tsim D., and Lee M. Panich, editors. 2022. Archaeologies of Indigenous Presence, University Press of Florida.

    Schrire, Carmel. 1995. Digging Through Darkness: Chronicles of an Archaeologist, University Press of Virginia.

    Schrire, Carmel. 2023. Historical Archaeology in South Africa: Material Culture of the Dutch East India Company at the Cape, Routledge Press.

    Schuyler, Robert L., editor. 1978. Historical Archaeology: A Guide to Substantive and Theroetical Contributions, Baywood.

    Schuyler, Robert L., editor. 1980. Archaeological Perspectives on Ethnicity in America: Afro-American and Asian American Culture History, Baywood Publishing Company.

    Scott, Douglas. 2003. Oral Tradition and Archaeology: Conflict and Concordance Examples from Two Indian War Sites. Historical Archaeology 37(3).

    Scott, Douglas D., Peter Bleed, and Stephen Damm. 2015. Custer, Cody, and Grand Duke Alexis: Historical Archaeology of the Royal Buffalo Hunt, University of Oklahoma Press.

    Scott, Elizabeth M. 2017. Archaeological Perspectives on the French in the New World, University Press of Florida.

    Scott, Elizabeth, editor. 1994. Those of Little Note: Gender, Race, and Class in Historical Archaeology, University of Arizona Press.

    Scott-Ireton, Della A. 2013. Between the Devil and the Deep: Meeting Challenges in the Public Interpretation of Maritime Cultural Heritage, Springer, New York.

    Sgarlata, Cosimo A., David G. Orr, and Bethany A. Morrison, editors. 2019. Historical Archaeology of the Revolutionary War Encampments of Washington’s Army, University Press of Florida.

    Shackel, Paul A. 1996. Culture Change And The New Technology: an Archaeology of The Early American Industrial Era, Plenum Publishing.

    Shackel, Paul A. 2001. Public Memory and the Search for Power in American Historical Archaeology. American Anthropologist 103(3): 655-70.

    Shackel, Paul A. 2003. Memory in Black and White: Race, Commemoration, and the Post-Bellum Landscape. AltaMira Press.

    Shackel, Paul A. 2010. New Philadelphia: An Archaeology of Race in the Heartland, University of California Press.

    Shackel, Paul A., editor. 2001. Myth, Memory and The Making of The American Landscape, University Press of Florida.

    Shackel, Paul A., and Barbara J. Little, editors. 1994. Historical Archaeology of the Chesapeake, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Shepherd, Nick. 2003. ‘When the Hand that Holds the Trowel is Black’: Disciplinary Practices of Self-Representation and the Issue of ‘Native’ Labour in Archaeology. Journal of Social Archaeology 3(3): 334– 352.

    Shujaa, Mwalimu J., and Kenya J. Shujaa, editors. 2015. Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America, Sage Publications.

    Singleton, Theresa A. 1995. The Archaeology of Slavery in the United States. Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 119-40.

    Singleton, Theresa A. 1997. Commentary: Facing the Challenges of a Public African-American Archaeology. Historical Archaeology 31(3): 146–152.

    Singleton, Theresa A. 2015. Slavery behind the Wall: An Archaeology of a Cuban Coffee Plantation, University Press of Florida.

    Singleton, Theresa A., editor. 1985. Archaeology of Slavery and Plantation Life, Academic Press.

    Singleton, Theresa A., editor. 1999. "I, too, Am America": Archaeological Studies of African-American Life, University Press of Virginia.

    South, Stanley. 1977. Research Strategies in Historical Archaeology, Academic Press.

    South, Stanley, editor. 1977. Research Strategies in Historical Archaeology, Academic Press.

    Spector, Janet D. 1993. What This Awl Means: Feminist Archaeology at a Wahpeton Dakota Village, Minnesota Historical Society Press.

    Spencer-Wood, Suzanne, editor. 1987. Consumer Choice in Historical Archaeology, Plenum Press.

    Spencer-Wood, Suzanne, editor. 2012. Historical and Archaeological Perspectives on Gender Transformations: From Private to Public, Springer Press.

    Springate, Megan E. 2015. Coffin Hardware in Nineteenth Century America, Left Coast Press.

    Stahl, Peter W., Fernando J. Astudillo, Ross W. Jamieson, Diego Quiroga, and Florencio Delgado. 2020. Historical Ecology and Archaeology in the Galápagos Islands: A Legacy of Human Occupation, University Press of Florida.

    Starbuck, David. 1999. The Great Warpath: British Military Sites from Albany to Crown Point, University Press of New England.

    Staski, Edward. 1990. Studies in Ethnicity in North American Historical Archaeology. North American Archaeologist 11(2): 121-45.

    Steen, Carl R. 1999. Pottery, Intercolonial Trade, and Revolution: Domestic Earthenwares and the Development of an American Social Identity. Historical Archaeology 33(3): 62-72.

    Stewart-Abernathy, Leslie C. 1999. From Famous Forts to Forgotten Farmsteads: Historical Archaeology in the Mid-South. In Arkansas Archaeology: Essays in Honor of Dan and Phyllis Morse, edited by Robert C. Mainfort and Marvin Jeter, University of Arkansas Press.

    Turner, Grace. 2017. Honoring Ancestors in Sacred Space: The Archaeology of an Eighteenth-Century African-Bahamian Cemetery, University Press of Florida.

    Tveskov, Mark Axel, and Ashley Ann Bissonnette, editors. 2023. Conflict Archaeology, Historical Memory, and the Experience of War: Beyond the Battlefield, University Press of Florida.

    van Balgooy, Max, editor. 2014. Interpreting African American History and Culture at Museums and Historic Sites, Rowman and Littlefield.

    Veit, Richard F. 2002. Digging New Jersey's Past: Historical Archaeology in the Garden State, Rutgers University Press.

    Veit, Richard, and David Orr, editors. 2014. Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600-1850, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.

    Voss, Barbara L. 2008. The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Race and Sexuality in Colonial San Francisco, University of California Press.

    Walde, Dale, and Noreen D. Willows, editors. 1991. The Archaeology of Gender: Proceedings form the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary, University of Calgary.

    Walker, Juliet. 1983. Free Frank: A Black Pioneer on the Illinois Frontier, University Press of Kentucky.

    Walker, Mark. 2003. The Ludlow Massacre: Class, Warfare and Historical Memory in Southern Colorado. Historical Archaeology 37(3): 66-80.

    Wall, Diana Dizerga. 1999. Examining Gender, Class and Ethnicity in Nineteenth-Century New York City. Historical Archaeology 33(1): 102-17.

    Walthall, John A., editor. 1991. French Colonial Archaeology: The Illinois Country and the Western Great Lakes. University of Illinois Press.

    Walthall, John A., and Thomas Emerson, editors. 1992. Calumet and Fleur-De-Lys: Archaeology of Indian and French Contact in the Midcontinent. Smithsonian Press.

    Warner, Mark, and Margaret Purser, editors. 2017. Historical Archaeology through a Western Lens, University of Nebraska Press.

    Warner-Smith, Alanna L., and Sarah E. Platt, editors. 2022. Mapping and Historical Archaeology: Beyond (within, through) the Grid, Springer Press.

    Warren, Robert E., and John A. Walthall. 1998. Illini Archaeology: Cultural Heritage and Repatriation. Living Museum 60(2): 10-14.

    Webster, Maud. 2021. Heritage and the Existential Need for History, University Press of Florida.

    Weik, Terrance M. 2012. The Archaeology of Antislavery Resistance, University Press of Florida.

    Weik, Terrance, editor. 2019. The Archaeology of Removal in North America, University Press of Florida.

    Weiss, Elizabeth, and James W. Springer. 2020. Repatriation and Erasing the Past, University Press of Florida.

    Westmont, Camille, editor. 2022. Critical Public Archaeology: Confronting Social Challenges in the 21st Century, Berghahn Books.

    White, Carolyn, editor. 2009. The Materiality of Individuality: Archaeological Studies of Individual Lives, Springer Press.

    White, Paul J. 2017. The Archaeology of American Mining, University Press of Florida.

    Wilkie, Laurie A. 2000. Creating Freedom: Material Culture and African American Identity at Oakley Plantation, Louisiana, 1840-1950, Louisiana State University Press.

    Wilkie, Laurie A. 2003. The Archaeology of Mothering: An African-American Midwife's Tale, Routledge.

    Wilkie, Laurie A. 2010. The Lost Boys of Zeta Psi: A Historical Archaeology of Masculinity at a University Fraternity, University of California Press.

    Wilkie, Laurie A. 2021. Unburied Lives: The Historical Archaeology of Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Davis, Texas, 1869–1875, University of New Mexico Press.

    Yamin, Rebecca. 2001. Alternative Narratives: Respectability at New York's Five Points. In The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes: Explorations in Slumland, edited by Alan Mayne and Tim Murray, Cambridge University Press.

    Yamin, Rebecca. 2008. Digging in the City of Brotherly Love: Stories from Philadelphia Archaeology, Yale University Press.

    Yamin, Rebecca, and Donna J. Seifert. 2019. The Archaeology of Prostitution and Clandestine Pursuits, University Press of Florida.

    Yelvington, Kevin A., editor. 2006. Afro-Atlantic Dialogues: Anthropology in the Diaspora, School of American Research Press.

    Yentsch, Anne. 1994. A Chesapeake Family and their Slaves: A Study in Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press.

    Yentsch, Anne and Mary Beaudry. 2001. American Material Culture in Mind, Thought and Deed. In Archaeological Theory Today, edited by Ian Hodder, Polity Press.

    Yentsch, Anne, and Mary C. Beaudry (editors). 1992. The Art and Mystery of Historical Archaeology: Essays in Honor of James Deetz. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

    Young, Amy L., editor. 2000. Archaeology of Southern Urban Landscapes, University of Alabama Press.

    dividing bar

    Faculty Archaeology Anthropology University

    Last updated: October 21, 2023