John Lyman Smith Journal

๐–๐ฑ๐‘Œ ๐ข๐ด๐‘‹๐ฒ๐‘Œ ๐๐‘‹๐ฎ๐‘ƒ ๐–๐ฒ๐‘‰๐‘Œ๐ฒ๐‘Š

Transcription | ๐“๐‘‰๐ฐ๐‘Œ๐‘…๐ฟ๐‘‰๐ฎ๐น๐‘‡๐ฒ๐‘Œ

About the Journal | ๐ˆ๐บ๐ต๐ป ๐‘„ ๐–๐ฒ๐‘‰๐‘Œ๐ฒ๐‘Š

A cousin of Joseph Smith Jr. and brother of apostle and Church Historian George A. Smith, John Lyman Smith used the Deseret Alphabet intermittently between 6 June 1859 and 25 February 1860, chiefly in June and July; only two Deseret words appear in the February entry. The manuscript, written in Smithโ€™s hand, combines Roman cursive with scriptura quadrata and cursive writing in the Deseret Alphabet.

Most of Smithโ€™s Deseret material dates from June and July 1859. Smith commonly used the alphabet to write days of the week and months rather than for extended prose, so the journal preserves relatively few complete sentences.

His spelling is idiosyncratic (June appears three different ways), but the small amount of Deseret material and limited variety of words make broad conclusions difficult. Even so, the manuscript offers evidence of an individual writer learning and testing the alphabet in ordinary journal practice.

Smithโ€™s writing is particularly notable for preserving the voiced fricative ⟨๐‘†⟩ [z] in the word Deseret (pp. 39, 42). This agrees with the pronunciation found in modern Utah English, while the 1868โ€“1869 Deseret texts edited by Orson Pratt represent the word with ⟨๐‘…⟩ [s]. By February 1860, Smith also spelled the word using ⟨๐‘…⟩ (p. 81).

John Lyman Smith seated beside an unidentified man
John Lyman Smith (1828โ€“1898; seated), with an unidentified man (standing) in Le Havre, France, probably during Smithโ€™s second mission to Switzerland (1860โ€“1863). G. Lacourt, photographer. Courtesy The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Historical Context | ๐๐ฎ๐‘…๐ป๐ฑ๐‘‰๐จ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐‘Š ๐—๐ฑ๐‘Œ๐ป๐ฏ๐ฟ๐‘…๐ป

On 6 June 1859, Smith recorded that his brother, apostle George A. Smith, had instructed him to prepare to use the Deseret Alphabet. He wrote the note in Roman cursive and then affixed a printed Learn this Alphabet specimen in the journal. In his first attempt at a full sentence in the Deseret, on 6 June, he recorded that George D. Watt โ€œgive us lessons in the Deseret character.โ€ This helps document the practical method by which scribes in the Church Historianโ€™s Office, like John Lyman Smith and his colleague Marion J. Shelton, began learning the script.

Geo[rge] A. told me to go to work & prepare my self to write the Des[eret] Alphabet.

John Lyman Smith Journal, 6 June 1859 (p. 37)

27 June 1859

๐จ๐‘‚๐‘Œ๐ฎ๐‘ ๐ถ๐ฏ๐‘Œ๐ป ๐ฌ๐‘‚๐‘‰ ๐พ๐ฑ๐‘‰๐ผ๐ฏ๐‘Œ ๐ฐ๐‘Œ๐ผ ๐ผ๐‘‰๐ฌ๐‘‚ ๐ฌ๐‘‚๐‘‰ ๐ฉ ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐‘

Evening went over Jordan and drove over a calf

This is one of the journalโ€™s relatively few complete Deseret sentences. A possible stray stroke on the dress vowel in ๐ถ๐ฏ๐‘Œ๐ป makes it look something like a handwritten form of the square vowel. Such a reading is conjectural and would be, in any event, anomalous for the phonology of went. The manuscript also includes a ligature of the kit and foot vowels (not pictured).

Enhanced detail showing the DRESS vowel written in a form resembling the SQUARE vowel Manuscript detail:
DRESS vowel resembling SQUARE
Enhanced detail of ๐ถ๐ฏ๐‘Œ๐ป, 27 June 1859.

Source Information | ๐๐ฌ๐‘‰๐‘… ๐†๐‘Œ๐‘๐ฌ๐‘‰๐‘‹๐ฉ๐‘‡๐ฒ๐‘Œ

John Lyman Smith Journal
6 June 1859โ€“25 February 1860. John Lyman Smith holograph. HBLL Vault MSS 680, pp. 37โ€“47, 51โ€“52, 54โ€“58, 81.

The journal is available online through the Brigham Young University digital collections.